Key Knowledge Areas:

• Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
• Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
• Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).
• Awareness of apt.

102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM, YUM and Zypper.
• Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures.
• Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.
• Awareness of dnf.

102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the general concept of virtual machines and containers.
• Understand common elements virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block storage and networking.
• Understand unique properties of a Linux system which have to changed when a system is cloned or used as a template.
• Understand how system images are used to deploy virtual machines, cloud instances and containers.
• Understand Linux extensions which integrate Linux with a virtualization product.
• Awareness of cloud-init.

Topic 103: GNU and Unix Commands

103.1 Work on the command line

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line.
• Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables.
• Use and edit command history.
• Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.

103.2 Process text streams using filters

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.

103.3 Perform basic file management

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
• Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
• Remove files and directories recursively.
• Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
• Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
• Usage of tar, cpio and dd.

103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
• Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
• Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
• Send output to both stdout and a file.

103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Run jobs in the foreground and background.
• Signal a program to continue running after logout.
• Monitor active processes.
• Select and sort processes for display.
• Send signals to processes.

103.6 Modify process execution priorities

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Know the default priority of a job that is created.
• Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
• Change the priority of a running process.

103.7 Search text files using regular expressions

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
• Understand the differences between basic and extended regular expressions.
• Understand the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and anchors.
• Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
• Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text.

103.8 Basic file editing

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Navigate a document using vi.
• Understand and use vi modes.
• Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text in vi.
• Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.
• Configure the standard editor.

Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

104.1 Create partitions and filesystems

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manage MBR and GPT partition tables
• • ext2/ext3/ext4
  • XFS
  • VFAT
  • exFATUse various mkfs commands to create various filesystems such as:
• Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.

104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Verify the integrity of filesystems.
• Monitor free space and inodes.
• Repair simple filesystem problems.

104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
• Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
• Configure user mountable removable filesystems.
• Use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems.
• Awareness of systemd mount units.

104.4 Removed

104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
• Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
• Know how to change the file creation mask.
• Use the group field to grant file access to group members.

104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Create links.
• Identify hard and/or soft links.
• Copying versus linking files.
• Use links to support system administration tasks.

104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.
• Find files and commands on a Linux system.
• Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.

LPIC-1 exam 102 topics

Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting

105.1 Customize and use the shell environment

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.
• Write Bash functions for frequently used sequences of commands.
• Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.
• Set command search path with the proper directory.

105.2 Customize or write simple scripts

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).
• Use command substitution.
• Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.
• Execute chained commands.
• Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.
• Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.
• Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.

Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

106.1 Install and configure X11

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understanding of the X11 architecture.
• Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.
• Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout.
• Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers.
• Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers.
• Awareness of Wayland.

106.2 Graphical Desktops

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Awareness of major desktop environments
• Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions

106.3 Accessibility

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes.
• Basic knowledge of assistive technology.

Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Add, modify and remove users and groups.
• Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
• Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.

107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manage cron and at jobs.
• Configure user access to cron and at services.
• Understand systemd timer units.

107.3 Localisation and internationalisation

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Configure locale settings and environment variables.
• Configure timezone settings and environment variables.

Topic 108: Essential System Services

108.1 Maintain system time

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Set the system date and time.
• Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
• Configure the correct timezone.
• Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony.
• Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.
• Awareness of the ntpq command.

108.2 System logging

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic configuration of rsyslog.
• Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions.
• Query the systemd journal.
• Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority.
• Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size.
• Delete old systemd journal data.
• Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy.
• Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald.
• Configuration of logrotate.
• Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng.

108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Create e-mail aliases.
  Configure e-mail forwarding.
  Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration).

108.4 Manage printers and printing

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
• Manage user print queues.
• Troubleshoot general printing problems.
• Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.

Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation.
• Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses.
• Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).
• Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
• Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
• Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.

109.2 Persistent network configuration

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration.
• Configure ethernet and wi-fi network using NetworkManager.
• Awareness of systemd-networkd.

109.3 Basic network troubleshooting

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2.
• Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2.
• Debug problems associated with the network configuration.
• Awareness of legacy net-tools commands.

109.4 Configure client side DNS

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Query remote DNS servers.
• Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.
• Modify the order in which name resolution is done.
• Debug errors related to name resolution.
• Awareness of systemd-resolved.

Topic 110: Security

110.1 Perform security administration tasks

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
• Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
• Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
• Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
• Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.
• Basic sudo configuration and usage.

110.2 Setup host security

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
• Turn off network services not in use.
• Understand the role of TCP wrappers.

110.3 Securing data with encryption

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
• Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.
• Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.
• Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files.
• Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).